Livello Due. lunedì, il cinque maggio. Sesta Lezione

Level Two. Monday, May 5, 2008. Sixth Lesson

-Compiti is at the bottom of this page.

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-Gli argomenti: The topics.

What we did in class, and more!

-Warm-up: Verb practice. We made sentences using the verbs on pages 79 and 80.

-sapere, conoscere: Sapere is to know a fact, or to know how to do something.

Conoscere is to be acquainted with a person or a place (also, to meet a person)

conosco, conosci, conosce. conosciamo, conoscete, conoscono.

so, sai, sa. sappiamo, sapete, sanno.

Conosco Venezia - I'm familiar with Venice.

So dov'è Venezia. - I know where Venice is.

Conosci mio fratello? - Do you know my brother?

Lui conosce la canzone. - He is familiar with the song.

Lo so. Non lo so. - I know it. I don't know it.

Tu sai sciare? - Do you know how to ski?

-Preposizioni. We went over the homework. As you see now, to learn how to use prepositions in Italian you start noticing when they are used combined with an article ("alla stazione", "sulla tavola"... )and when they are used alone in set phrases (such as "in montagna", in centro", a casa"...)

Every time you learn a new verb, look in your verb book or on the internet http://www.wordreference.com/it/ (or your favorite site)

to see if the verb requires a preposition before its dependent infinitive. (such as "vengo a trovare i miei cugini", "cerco di fare questi compiti"...)

-Present progressive tense. To say that you’re doing something right now,  use   Stare + il gerundio.

The -endo -ando gerund tense is equivalent to the "-ing" tense in English.

The gerund is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-are, -ere, or –ire) and adding:

–ando for –are verbs and –endo for –ere and –ire verbs. 

.The gerund endings are:

-ire         >         -endo

-ere         >         -endo

-are         >         -ando

 Some verbs have irregular gerund forms:

bere  to drink	bevendo	porre  to put, to place	ponendo
dire  to say, tell	dicendo	produrre  to produce	producendo
fare  to do, make	facendo	tradurre to translate	traducendo

The gerund form does not change;  it always ends in –o.           examples:

In questo momento...

Sto bevendo.  I’m drinking.	Stiamo mangiando. We’re eating.
Stai parlando.  You’re talking.	State uscendo.  You (plural) are leaving.
Sta arrivando.  She’s arriving.  (he, you)	Stanno facendo un giro. They’re taking a trip.

Object pronouns can come before stare or attached to the gerund:

.........I am looking for my book. - Sto cercando il mio libro.

.........I'm looking for it. - Lo sto cercando. Sto cercandolo.

- Direct object pronouns: come before the verb, can refer to people (mi, ti, lo, la, La, ci, vi, li, le) or to things (lo, la, li, le).

The direct object directly receives the action of the verb: Mario watches the game. (Subject verb the object.) Mario guarda la partita. Mario la guarda. Mario watches it. Notice how in Italian, the direct object pronoun precedes the verb.

If the sentence is negative, they come between the "non" and the verb. Mario non la guarda.

-the direct object pronouns are:

mi__________ci

ti___________vi

lo___________li

la___________le

La

_

Mi vedi? Do you see me?	Sì, ti vedo. Yes, I see you.
Cerchi le ragazze? The girls, are you looking for the girls?	Sì, le cerco. Yes, I’m looking for them.
Aspetti i ragazzi? Are you waiting for the boys?	Sì, li aspetto. Yes, I’m waiting for them.
Ci sentite? Do you (plural) hear us?	Sì, vi sentiamo. Yes, we hear you.
Mangiate la pizza? Are you (plural) eating the pizza?	La mangiamo. We are eating it.
Provate il formaggio? Are you trying the cheese?	Sì, lo proviamo. Yes, we are trying it.

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Talking about Signor Bernardi. "I know him." "Lo conosco." ("lo" means "him".)

Talking to Signor Bernardi. "I know you." "La conosco." (formal) ("La" means "you, formal")

Talking about Signora Erardi. "I know her." "La conosco." ("la" means "her")

Talking to Signora Erardi. "I know you." "La conosco." (formal) ("La" means "you, formal")

Use "li" and "le" to mean "them". Use "vi" to mean "you", plural.

Talking to two gentlemen, or ladies, or to a mixed group. (formal) "I know you." "Vi conosco."

Talking to your friends. "I know you." "Vi conosco."

Talking about them. "I know them." "Li conosco."

Talking about the girls. "I know them." "Le conosco."

Li replaces an all-masculine (or mixed) plural direct object. Le replaces an all-feminine group.

-Eccomi! You can attach the direct object pronoun to "Ecco"

"Eccomi" - Here I am.

"Eccolo" - Here it is. (or) Here he is.

"Eccoli" - Here they are.

etc.

-Bella Ciao. We translated, and then sang, this song of the partigiani.

-Parole da ricordare...

andare a trovare - to go visit

venire a trovare - to come visit

cerco di... (plus infinitive) - to try to do something

Andiamo a Roma. Ci andiamo. - We are going to Rome. We are going there.

Chiudi il becco! - Shut your beak!

il pranzo - lunch

(person answering the phone says) Pronto! - Hello!

(person calling says) Sono Gianna... - This is Gianna...

Offro io! - It's on me! I'm paying. (lit. "I offer")

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-Compiti. (homework)

1. Present progressive tense. Read page 181, starting at "al telefono", and page 182, then do Practice Set 66.

2. Present progressive tense. (from the lavendar handout) Translate all the sentences.

"To send" is mandare.

"To open" is aprire.

"To cry" is piangere.

In the "tu" section, "Are you talking about me?" - Use "di me" at the end of your sentence.

In the "tu" section, "What are you telling me?" - Use "mi" before the "stare".

In the "voi" section, there is a reflexive verb. To avoid confusion, I'll give you the answer here:

Vi state preparando per uscire? (or) State preparandovi per uscire? click here for answers

3. Avverbi. The vocabulary from Practice Set 35 on page 118, which you did several weeks ago. Fill in this MadLibs paragraph: (If this is confusing, just study the words on page 118.)

Prima di (..infinitive..), vado sempre a/in (..location..).

Invece di (..infinitive..) con Maurizio, io (..conjugated verb..) un panino.

Noi non (..conjugated verb..) mai in piazza, ma spesso nel Duomo.

Dopo prima colazione, non voglio mai (..infinitive..).

4. Dove words. Review your words for asking directions. What do these mean?

accanto a -

a sinistra -

a destra -

attraverso -

all'angolo -

vicino a -

lontano da -

davanti a -

dietro -

di fronte a -

fino a -

sempre dritto -

in fondo a -

su -

giù -

5. Direct object pronouns. Read pages 206 and 207. Try Practice Set 75.

"ancora...?" means "still...?"

"sempre..." means "always"

"non...più" means "not any more"

Also do Practice Set 76, 1 through 8. We'll do 9 through 12 in class together.

6. Preposizioni. Le preposizioni articolate. (white handout from last week's class). and the chart "Completate la tabella". On the other side of the handout, "Osservate alcune frasi..." read this, and hang it up somewhere so you can practice making up sentences from this chart and saying them out loud. (Picture yourself in the situation) I want you to memorize at least four of these phrases to say out-loud in class next week. Examples:

Vado in vacanza.

Sono a teatro.

Vado al cinema.

Sono da un'amico.

Vengo in aereo.

Vengo a Pisa....

7. (optional) Volere, Dovere, Potere (gold handout) Translate into Italian.

If you would like a preview for next week:

We'll learn how to say "some". You know how to say "the book", and how to say "a book", and how to say "two books". We'll learn how to say "some books": "dei libri" . di + i = dei. You can look at page 133.

We'll learn a past tense, passato prossimo. You can look at pages 213, 214.