-Compiti (homework) is at the bottom of this page. ____________________________________________________

- Gli argomenti (the topics):

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- Parole da ricordare:

tre quarti - 3 / 4

uccello - bird

pesce - fish

la spiaggia - the beach

uguale - the same, equal

crudo - raw

cotto - cooked

il cibo - food

divertente - fun

Era divertente! - It was fun!

Che peccato! - What a shame!

Ci hanno invitato molte mesi fa. - They invited us many months ago.

invece - instead

caro - expensive

economico - economical

È ora di andare. - It's time to go.

C'è... - There is..., Is there...

Ci sono... - There are..., Are there...

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- Passato prossimo with avere

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Ho bevuto il caffè.

Ho mangiato la mela.

Tu hai visto il film.

Loro hanno preso la metropolitana.

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- To say something in the past with a transitive verb, conjugate the verb avere, and add the past participle.

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Regular past participles:

-are__ -ato ___parlato, cercato, mangiato, pagato, portato...

-ere__-uto ___creduto, dovuto, potuto...

-ire__-ito ____finito, partito, sentito, capito, uscito...

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There are also many irregular past participles which you will need to memorize. See pages 77 and 78.

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- Passato prossimo with essere

Some verbs that take essere as their auxiliary verb in the passato prossimo:

andare

arrivare

entrare

essere

morire

nascere

partire

piacere

rimanere

ritornare (tornare)

stare

uscire

venire

This is not a complete list. Many verbs can take either essere or avere, depending on the sentence.

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- Making the past participle agree with the subject (in the past): If the auxiliary is essere, you have to change the last letter of the past participle to agree in gender and number with the subject. (See practice set 86)

Maria è andata al cinema.

Mario è andato al cinema.

Siamo tornati all'hotel.

Le ragazze sono arrivate.

Sono uscita. - I went out (feminine).

Sono uscito. - I went out (masculine).

- Review of Direct Object Pronouns

mi, ti, lo, la, La. ci, vi, li, le.

Vedo la piazza. - I see the piazza.

La vedo. - I see it.

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Vedo l'albergo. - I see the hotel.

Lo vedo. - I see it.

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Non sento la musica. - I don't hear the music.

Non la sento. - I don't hear it.

We know that the direct object pronoun comes before the verb. If you have a sentence with an infinitive in it, you attach the pronoun to the end of the infinitive:

Voglio vedere la piazza. - I want to see the piazza.

Voglio vederla. - I want to see it.

-Direct object pronouns: come before the verb, can refer to people (mi, ti, lo, la, La, ci, vi, li, le) or to things (lo, la, li, le).

The direct object directly receives the action of the verb: Mario watches the game. (Subject verb the object.) Mario guarda la partita. Mario la guarda. Mario watches it. Notice how in Italian, the direct object pronoun precedes the verb.

If the sentence is negative, they come between the "non" and the verb. Mario non la guarda.

-Direct object pronouns:

mi__________ci

ti___________vi

lo___________li

la___________le

La

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Mi vedi? Do you see me?	Sì, ti vedo. Yes, I see you.
Cerchi le ragazze? The girls, are you looking for the girls?	Sì, le cerco. Yes, I’m looking for them.
Aspetti i ragazzi? Are you waiting for the boys?	Sì, li aspetto. Yes, I’m waiting for them.
Ci sentite? Do you (plural) hear us?	Sì, vi sentiamo. Yes, we hear you.
Mangiate la pizza? Are you (plural) eating the pizza?	La mangiamo. We are eating it.
Provate il formaggio? Are you trying the cheese?	Sì, lo proviamo. Yes, we are trying it.

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- Indirect object pronouns:

mi__________ci

ti___________vi

gli__________gli

le__________

Le

mi ti ci vi are the same as the direct object pronouns. In Italian, indirect object pronouns differ from direct object pronouns only in the third-person:

to / for him - gli

to / for her - le

to / for you (formal) - Le

to / for them - gli

(You may still hear someone use "loro": to / for them (old-fashioned) - loro)

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The indirect object answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom?" or "to or for what?", asked after the verb.

In class, we only practiced indirect object pronouns with the very un-English construction "mi piace".

A Mario piace il vino? - To Mario is pleasing the wine? Mario is the indirect object.

Gli piace il vino? - To him is pleasing the wine? Gli (to him) is the indirect object.

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- Mi piace : You say "Piacere" when you meet someone.

"Mi dispiace" when you're sorry

"Mi piace" when one thing is pleasing to you (to say you like something)

"Mi piacciono" when more than one thing is pleasing to you.

"Non mi piace" when one thing displeases you (to say you don't like something)

"Mi piace sciare" - I like to ski.

"To ski" is the subject. "Me" is the indirect object of the verb "piacere".

"Mi piacciono la festa e la musica." The party and the music are pleasing to me. (I like the party and the music.) The verb is plural because the subject is plural: "The party and the music" is the subject. "Me" is the indirect object of "piacere".

- Alla gelateria:

Mi piace il pistacchio.

Quale ti piace?

Mi piace la stracciatella.

Quali ti piacciono?

Mi piacciono frutti di bosco e nocciola.

- Review of Present Progressive tense: Stare + il gerundio

To say that you’re doing something right now,  use   Stare + il gerundio

The gerund is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-are, -ere, or –ire) and adding –ando for –are verbs and –endo for –ere and –ire verbs.  Some verbs have irregular gerund forms.

 

bere  to drink	bevendo	porre  to put, to place	ponendo
dire  to say, tell	dicendo	produrre  to produce	producendo
fare  to do, make	facendo

 

The gerund form does not change;  it always ends in –o.           examples:

Sto bevendo.  I’m drinking.	Stiamo mangiando. We’re eating.
Stai parlando.  You’re talking.	State uscendo.  You (plural) are leaving.
Sta arrivando.  She’s arriving.  (he, you)	Stanno facendo un giro. They’re taking a trip.

- Adverb review:

Facciamo pratica con gli avverbi. (We translated these in class together:)

 

Before going downtown, I always have breakfast.

After breakfast, I always call Maria.

She’s never at home.

Darn!  It’s late!  And I’m not ready.

It’s time to go downtown.

I often take the bus.

Today, instead, I’m going on foot.

Because it’s nice out.

- Asking Directions (click here for the gold handout we did in class) _____________________________________________________________________

- Compiti (homework).

1. Passato Prossimo with avere. If you haven't finished the white handout (oggi, ieri with Avere) please finish it and check your answers.

 

2. Passato Prossimo with essere. (click here for the white handout, from this week). Do both sides. (click here for the answers)

 

3. Indirect object pronouns. Memorize the indirect object pronouns. These are listed on page 208, along with the direct object pronouns. Do Practice Set 77. Here's a hint: Numbers 1, 3, 6, and 9 take indirect object pronouns. All the others take direct object pronouns.

 

4. Useful Expressions. Memorize as many of the useful expressions from Practice Set 51 as you can. We will practice them some more in class next week.

 

5.Using: già, ancora, appena, adesso, non ancora.

già - already

non ancora - not yet

ancora - still

appena - just

adesso - now

I would like you to say these sentences aloud, and memorize them if you can. Memorize them with lots of feeling, and gestures. Practice "singing" these sentences in Italian:

Ciao, Chiara. Hai già mangiato?

No. Non ancora. Non ho ancora mangiato.

Stai ancora studiando?

Si. sto ancora studiando.

Ma ho appena fatto due panini!

Va bene. Ho fame!

Pranziamo adesso!

6. A list of irregular past participles. Page 216. Read through the list aloud, three times. And also write them out.