Livello tre. mercoledì, il cinque novembre. Sesta Lezione.
Level three. Wednesday, November 5, 2008. Sixth lesson.
-compiti (homework) is at the bottom of this page.
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- Pronomi
-Direct object pronouns:
We've already learned the direct object pronouns, which answer the question "Who?" or "What?" asked after the verb.
(example) Vedo Mario. Lo vedo. (I see Mario. I see him.)
Mangio la pizza. La mangio.
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In contrast, indirect object pronouns answer the question "To whom?" or "For whom?"
(example) Do la pizza a Mario. Gli do la pizza. (I give the pizza to Mario. To him, I give the pizza.)
Compro una cartolina per Maria. Le compro una cartolina. (I'm buying a postcard for her.)
Le piace l'appartamento. - The apartment is pleasing to her.
The indirect object pronouns mi ti ci vi are the same as the direct object pronouns. In Italian, indirect object pronouns differ from direct object pronouns only in the third-person:
to / for him - gli
to / for her - le
to / for you (formal) - Le
to / for them - gli
(You may hear someone use "loro": to / for them - loro) (it comes after the verb)
For -are verbs, the familiar (tu) form ends in -a. Scusa! Mangia! Paga! Comincia! Aspetta! Parla!
For all familiar commands (tu, noi, voi) all pronouns (reflexive, direct object, indirect object, ci, ne...) are attached to the verb.
Tu
Lasciami stare! Leave me alone.
Vattene! Go away!
Non preoccuparti. Don't worry. (A negative command uses an infinitive in the tu form)
Aspettami! Wait for me.
Dimmi. Tell me.
Vieni. Come here.
Dammi la mano. Give me your hand.
Scusa! - Excuse me.
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To make a command negative in the tu form, use “Non...” and the infinito. Non fumare! - Don’t smoke! Non piangere! - Don’t cry! Non ridere! - Don’t laugh! Non uscire! - Don’t go out! With negative tu imperatives, the pronoun can be attached at to the verb, or precede it. Non mi prendere in giro! Non prendermi in giro! - Don't make fun of me! Non te preoccupare! Non preoccuparti! - Don't worry.
There are some irregular imperatives. Here are a few of them in the tu form:
Abbi! Sii! Vai! or Va’! Dai! or Da’! Fai! or Fa’! Stai! or Sta’! Di’! Have patience! Abbi pazienza! Be ready at two! Sii pronta alle due! Go to the corner! Vai all'angolo! Va all'angolo! Give Giorgio the book! Dai il libro a Giorgio! Da' il libro al Giorgio! Make breakfast! Fai la prima colazione! Fa' la prima colazione! Stay alert! Stai attento! Sta' attento! Tell the truth! Di' la verità! (After va' da' fa' sta' and di' , if a pronoun is attached, you double the initial consonant, except for gli)
Noi imperatives: “let’s ...” (same as the present tense) Let’s eat. Mangiamo! Let’s drink. Beviamo! Let’s go together. Andiamo insieme! Let’s leave the suitcases here. Lasciamo le valige qui! Let’s not study. Non studiamo! Let’s take a walk. Facciamo una passeggiata! Let's have fun! Divertiamoci!
Voi imperatives: “you...” (same as the present tense) Stay here! Rimanete qui! Restate qui! Look! Guardate! Excuse me... Scusate... Wait! Aspettate! Get up! Alzatevi!
in voi, only four verbs have an irregular imperative: Siate! Abbiate! Sappiate! Vogliate!
- Preposizioni: -Expressions of time: da, per, fra / tra, fa
Da. "for" or "since". Use da with the present tense, when you started something in the past and you're still doing it. These are situations for which, in English, you would say "I have been doing..."
Da quanto tempo aspetta il treno? For how long have you been waiting for the train? Aspetto il treno da cinque minuti. I have been waiting for the train for five minutes. Aspetto il treno dalle cinque. - I've been waiting for the train since five o'clock.
Per. "for" These are situations for which, in English, you would say "I am doing..." or "I did..." Restiamo in Italia per tre settimane. - We are staying in Italy for three weeks. Siamo restati in Italia per tre settimane. - We stayed (did stay) in Italy for three weeks.
"Fra" or "Tra" can mean "between" when refering to position. When used with time, for something that is going to happen in the future, these mean "in" or "between": Quando arriva il treno? Il treno arriva fra quindici minuti. - The train will arrive in fifteen minutes. Arriva fra le due e le tre. - He's arriving between two and three.
Fa. means "ago" Il treno è arrivato cinque minuti fa. The train arrived fifteen minutes ago.
-Al ristorante. From the dialog last week.
-Parole da ricordare (Words to remember)
Cosa mi consiglia? - What do you recommend? Sto covando qualcosa. - I'm coming down with something. Sono a mio agio. - I'm at ease.
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-Handouts. These are the handouts for this week: 15. (white) Dylan Dog fumetto 16. (ivory) Direct or indirect object? 17. (pink, 7 pages) Direct and indirect object pronouns.
click here to see all of the handouts this term. ______________________________________________
-Compiti
1. Practice these again, we'll use them next week: Cos'è successo la settimana scorsa? - What happened last week? Com'è andata la settimana? - How did the week go? Cosa mi racconti della settimana? - What can you tell me about the week? Hai fatto qualcosa di bello la settimana scorsa? - Did you do anything nice last week? Cosa c'è di nuovo? - What's new?
2. Imperativo. Read handout 11 (white) "Imperative". Read the whole handout. Lots of good information! Then do the exercises. If you have trouble with any section, I want you to email me before class so that you don't worry about it! This is a lot to digest in one sitting. It's more important to me that you practice commands that you will use rather than do ALL the exercises in this handout. So, after you read the handout, you can either do the exercises, (click here for the answers), or compile your own list of commands that you find from a good resource (an Italian friend, a good reference book, word reference.com forums, ) and practice them out loud. Picture the situation... At the restaurant, "Per favore, ci porti ...!" At the store, "Per favore, mi dia...!"
This handout covers both the familiar form, and the formal "Lei" form. The "Lei" form: -are verbs end in - i -ere and -ire verbs end in -a If the verb is irregular, go to the io form of the present indicative of the verb, then change the last letter to get the Lei imperative. examples: Io vengo. Venga! Io salgo. Salga!
(exceptions: abbia, sia, sappia, stia, vada, dia, faccia) See page 232 in this handout. Pronouns come before the Lei commands, not attached. Si alzi! - Get up! Mi dia il giornale, per favore! - Give me the newspaper, please. Si sieda! - Sit down. Si accomodi! - Sit down. Mi faccia un panino, per favore! - Make me a sandwich, please.
The imperative is also introduced in our book on page 176-177.
Also memorize these (familiar) commands: a. Vattene! - Go away! Get lost! b. Lasciami stare! - Leave me alone! c. Muoviti! - Get a move on! d. Chiudi il becco! - Shut your beak! e. Piantala! - Stop it! f. Stai zitto! (zitta) - Be quiet! SSHHH! g. Stai tranquilla! (tranquillo) - Stay calm, don't worry. h. Fatti furbo! (furba) - Wise up! Be smart! (from wordReference: È da intendersi come un consiglio, un'esortazione. For example: "Potresti risparmiare un mucchio di soldi se comprassi un altro prodotto. Fatti furbo!" - You could save a lot of money if you bought a different product. Be smart! Wise up!) i. Dammelo! - Give it to me. j. "Stammi bene!" - "Take care." (when leaving, saying good-bye, or ending a letter)
And perhaps you remember these from last week: a. Smettila! - Stop it! Cut it out! b. Dimmi pure! - Tell me, please! Just say it! c. Chiamami! - Call me! d. Salutami (name)! - Say hello to so-and-so for me. e. Fammi sapere! - Let me know!
3. Direct and Indirect object pronouns. Memorize them, from page 208. Do the new pink handout 17. Maybe you can do the whole handout. (click here for the answers)
4. Direct and indirect object pronouns. The ivory handout 16. On this handout, you have to know or find out or look up whether the verb takes a direct or indirect object. We will do these answers in class. Hints: Number 7. "sognare" takes a direct object. Number 5 and 6. "mancare" works just the same as "piacere". I miss you = Mi manchi. = To me, you are missing. If you haven't studied "piacere", skip 5 and 6.
On part P. on the back, I want you to hand in the answers next week.
5. Translate these sentences from the section above: object pronouns that come after a preposition: a. Vieni con me! b. Conta su di me! c. Andiamo senza di te! d. Parla con lui! e. Giorgio parla sempre di voi. f. Tutti vanno da lei. g. "Dopo di Lei, signora!"
6. Is there anybody who would like to bring five vocabulary words next week?
7. Translate the "Dylan Dog" fumetto.