3 Terza Lezione. mercoledì, il quindici aprile.
Level three. Third lesson. Wednesday, April 15, 2009.
-compiti (homework) is at the bottom of this page.
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Interjections:
- answers to compiti: Here are the answers to last week's handout number 3.
Side 2: Section 4.
Section 5.
- - Present progressive tense, past progressive tense. ("stare" plus the gerund). You can always use the regular present tense to say what you are doing right now. But the present progressive tense is becoming more widely used in Italy. It is only used to talk about an action that is happening right now.
- Conjugate stare in the present tense, and add the gerundio. The gerundio is formed by taking off the infinitive endings and adding these endings:
- -ire > -endo
- -ere > -endo
- -are > -ando
- Conjugate stare in the present tense, and add the gerundio. The gerundio is formed by taking off the infinitive endings and adding these endings:
-
To say that you’re doing something right now, use Stare + il gerundio
The gerund is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-are, -ere, or –ire) and adding –ando for –are verbs and –endo for –ere and –ire verbs. Some verbs have irregular gerund forms. (Notice how these have the same stem that they use in imperfetto.)
bere to drink
bevendo
porre to put, to place
ponendo
dire to say, tell
dicendo
produrre to produce
producendo
fare to do, make
facendo
The gerund form does not change; it always ends in –o. examples:
Sto bevendo. I’m drinking.
Stiamo mangiando. We’re eating.
Stai parlando. You’re talking.
State uscendo. You (plural) are leaving.
Sta arrivando. She’s arriving. (he, you)
Stanno camminando. They're walking.
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- In questo momento...
- I am looking for my book. - Sto cercando il mio libro.
- Why are you crying? - Perche stai piangendo?
- She is opening the window. - Sta aprendo la finestra.
- Usually the object pronoun is placed before stare:
- Lo sto facendo! (I'm doing it!)
- Mi sto alzando! (I'm getting up!)
- Past progressive: You can always use the imperfetto to say that you were doing something at a given moment in the past, but another way of saying it is by conjugating stare in the imperfetto, and adding the gerund.- I was talking to Giorgio when the bus came. - Stavo parlando con Giorgio quando è arrivato l'autobus.
- Maria was playing the guitar at eight o'clock. - Maria stava suonando la chitarra alle otto.
- (note: the progressive has a far more restricted use than the English form "was ___ing". It cannot be used to express a state, it must emphasize an action in progress. i.e. You cannot use it to say "She was wearing a dress." or "The sun was shining." or "What are you doing tonight?"
- - "Volere" in the conditional tense.
A polite way to ask for something, or invite someone to do something. I would like, you would like...
- vorrei, vorresti, vorrebbe,__ vorremmo, vorreste, vorrebbero.
- Vorrebbe cenare con me?
- Vorremmo andare in centro adesso.
- Vorrei una birra per favore.
- Parole da ricordare (words to remember, words that came up in class) - In questo momento...
2. Imperfetto, passato prossimo. (ivory handout number 8) This handout is a challenge! (una sfida!) Read the explanations very carefully. This handout provides a good explanation of choosing between passato prossimo or the imperfetto, when using essere and the modal verbs. And the answers are included! (on the back). Even more than trying to get all of the answers right, look at the answers and see if you can see the reasoning in the explanations and examples. Whenever you see "mentre" (while) you know it's going to be followed by the imperfetto.
3. Imperfetto (handout number 7.) Another challenge! Un altra sfida! Do the questions 1 through 16 on the front (page 129). If there is no subject, just use io. You will need the information below to do sentences 1 through 16:
If you keep referring back to the above examples, you should be able to do most of the questions 1 through 16. When you have essere in the sentence, you really have to think whether it's a description or an event.
Sentence number 14 is a bit weird. "How long you were (passato prossimo) with Lucia, I didn't know (imperfetto)."
4. Listen to unit 13 on the CD. Some of it is a review of all the units which came before.
5. Memorize the verb volere in the conditional tense: vorrei, vorresti, vorrebbe,__ vorremmo, vorreste, vorrebbero.
See above for explanation.
6. Try to memorize the "interjections" (above) that we used in class to respond to each others' news.
7. (optional) Leggete (read) "In Veneto" on page 208 in your chapter.